Mark A. Jennings challenges the consensus that there is no clear single purpose that shapes the entire epistle to the Philippians. Jennings examines each section of Philippians using standard historical-critical methods, rhetorical criticism, and social-scientific methods. In support of his argument, Jennings establishes that Paul's argument is rooted in three fundamental tenets. He first addresses the focus on koinonia, and the agreement that Paul and the Philippians had entered into regarding his apostolic mission. Second, Jennings looks at 'rival' and the repeated 'proofs' Paul offers that simultaneously affirm the ordained superiority of his apostolic mission and repudiate the claims of his antagonists. Third, Jennings looks at the issue of finances in the epistles and at how Paul rhetorically transforms the Philippians' financial support into a salient indicator of which gospel mission they esteem authentic. Finally, whereas other scholars have argued that Paul entreats the Philippians to be steadfast in their commitment to the gospel of Christ, Jennings proposes that Paul urges the church to be steadfast in their commitment to his gospel of Christ.
Jennings then considers how this seemingly small distinction has profound ramifications for understanding the letter, and shows the gap between these interpretations.