The rapid rise and sudden suppression of Tatian's Diatessaron has raised numerous questions about the nature and intent of this second-century composition, with scholars claiming it as both a vindication of the fourfold gospel's early canonical status and as an argument for the canon's on-going fluidity, and pointing to it as both a premiere witness to the earliest recoverable gospel text and an early corrupting influence on that text. This volume brings together some of the leading voices on the composition and collection of early Christian gospels, in order to take up these contradictory lines of interpretations previously offered about Tatian and his text. Collectively, these essays provide the greatest advance in Diatessaronic scholarship in a quarter of a century.

The contributors explore the following questions: did Tatian intend to supplement or supplant the fourfold gospel? How many were his sources and how free was he with their text? How do we identify a Diatessaronic witness? Is a reconstruction of the Diatessaron still possible? Is it legitimate to use Tatian's Diatessaron as a source in New Testament textual criticism? All these queries in turn contribute to the questions of what Diatessaron signifies with respect to the broader context of gospel writing, and what this can tell us about the how the writing, rewriting and reception of gospel material functioned in the first and second centuries and beyond.